What is dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment designed to help individuals manage intense emotions and develop effective coping skills. Initially created to support people with borderline personality disorder and suicidal tendencies, DBT has since been adapted for a range of mental health challenges (American Psychiatric Association, 2021). It emphasizes the balance between validating a person’s experiences and encouraging change through skill-building.
DBT is structured around four key components (Linehan, 2015):
- Individual therapy: One-on-one sessions to address personal challenges and develop insights into behaviors.
- Skills training group: Group sessions focused on teaching practical skills such as mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness.
- Phone coaching: Real-time support during crises, helping clients apply DBT skills in challenging situations.
- Consultation team for therapists: A supportive team that ensures therapists remain motivated and effective in delivering treatment.
DBT treatment is guided by a clear hierarchy of treatment goals, focusing first on life-threatening behaviors, followed by therapy-interfering behaviors, quality-of-life issues, and skills acquisition. The therapy progresses through four stages, from achieving behavioral control to building a meaningful life and exploring deeper spiritual and personal connections (University of Washington, 2023).










