What is a sensory profile?
A sensory profile is an assessment tool used by occupational therapists to understand how an individual processes and responds to sensory information from their environment. This includes the five main senses - sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell - as well as other sensory experiences such as movement and balance.
Occupational therapist Winnie Dunn created one of the most recognized frameworks for understanding how individuals interact with sensory information. Dunn's sensory processing framework is based on two key constructs: neurological thresholds and behavioral response (Brown et al., 2001).
The neurological threshold construct refers to the level of response needed for sensory stimuli existing on a low-to-high continuum. Individuals with low thresholds respond quickly to stimuli, while those with high thresholds may miss cues that others notice, leading to daily challenges. Dunn's framework indicates that unique thresholds arise from a balance of excitation and inhibition, differing across sensory modalities (Dunn, 2007). The behavioral response ranges from passive to active strategies, with passive individuals reacting internally without changing their environment, while active individuals proactively manage their sensory input.
Dunn's 1999 assessment tool, the Sensory Profile, provides valuable insights for parents and healthcare professionals into a child's sensory processing patterns in everyday life. By profiling how the sensory system affects functional performance, it supports diagnostic and intervention planning.
The Sensory Profile assessment tool comes in various versions for different age groups. The original Sensory Profile includes 125 items for children aged 3 to 10 years. The Sensory Profile Short Form offers a concise 38-item option for the same age range. Sensory Profile 2 provides comprehensive forms for infants, toddlers, children, and school-aged individuals, covering ages 0 to 14 years. Finally, the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile is designed for those aged 11 and older and is completed via a self-report form.
The school companion sensory profile form allows caregivers or educators to complete the assessment. For certain age groups, a self-reported version (PROM) is also available.










