Understanding allergies
Allergies are conditions in which the immune system exhibits an abnormal reaction to a foreign, typically harmless substance that is called an allergen upon entering the body. Upon exposure, allergic individuals' immune systems mistakenly identify these allergens as harmful. As a result, their immune systems react by causing inflammation in the skin, sinuses, airways, or digestive system.
Given that people's immune systems differ, the number of allergies one may have can vary. Take note that even the level of severe allergic reaction differs. Here's an overview of the common types of allergies:
Food allergies
Food allergies are immune system reactions to specific foods. Common food allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat. Symptoms can range from mild (hives, itching) to severe (anaphylaxis).
Drug allergies
Allergic reactions to medications can occur with any drug, but some are more common triggers, like penicillin and sulfa drugs. Reactions can vary from skin rashes to more severe systemic responses.
Environmental allergies
These allergies are triggered by substances in the environment, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, and animal dander. Symptoms often include sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and congestion.
Insect sting allergies
Allergies to insect venom, particularly from bees, wasps, hornets, and fire ants, can cause localized swelling or, in severe cases, anaphylaxis.
Contact allergies
These occur when the skin comes into direct contact with an allergen, leading to a condition called contact dermatitis. Common triggers include nickel, latex, and certain plants like poison ivy.
