M54.5 – Low Back Pain

Learn more about the ICD-10-CM code M54.5 for low back pain, including clinical information, synonyms, related codes, and frequently asked questions.

By Patricia Buenaventura on Aug 8, 2025.

Fact Checked by Ericka Pingol.

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M54.5 diagnosis code: Low back pain

M54.5 is a non-specific diagnosis code that pertains to low back pain, a common condition affecting millions worldwide.
Low back pain can be acute or chronic, with varying intensity and duration.
Low back pain has multiple causes. It may be due to intervertebral disc degeneration, intervertebral disc displacement, intervertebral disc disorder, muscle strain, ligament sprain, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or osteoarthritis.
The diagnosis may involve a physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans.
Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include pain management, physical therapy, or surgical intervention.

Is M54.5 billable?

M54.5 is not a billable ICD-10-CM code for low back pain. The most commonly billed codes for low back pain are the more specific codes like M54.50 and M54.1.

Clinical information

Low back pain is the leading cause of disability globally.
It can occur suddenly or develop gradually over time.
Risk factors include age, occupation, poor posture, obesity, and lack of physical activity.
Noninvasive treatments such as exercise, heat/cold therapy, and over-the-counter pain relievers are often effective.
In some cases, referral to a specialist, such as a physiotherapist or chiropractor, may be necessary.

Synonyms include

Lumbago
Lumbar pain
Low backache
Lower back discomfort
Pain in the lumbar region
Discogenic back pain

Other ICD-10 codes commonly used for low back pain

M54.50: Low back pain unspecified
M54.51: Vertebrogenic low back pain
M54.59: Other low back pain

Commonly asked questions

Acute low back pain is sudden and usually resolves within a few weeks, while chronic low back pain persists for at least three months or recurs frequently.

No. However, the more specific codes can be used for such claims.

Maintaining good posture, staying active, incorporating regular stretching, practicing proper lifting techniques, and maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent low back pain.

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