F51.04 – Psychophysiologic insomnia

The ICD-10-CM code F51.04 designates that a patient has psychophysiological insomnia. Learn what this code entails, from its clinical information, if it’s billable or not, FAQs, and even related ICD-10 codes by reading this short guide.

By RJ Gumban on Jul 16, 2025.

Fact Checked by Nate Lacson.

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F51.04 diagnosis code: Psychophysiologic insomnia

The F51.04 is an ICD code that's included in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM, for short), and it is used to designate “Psychophysiologic insomnia.” It is classified under the range F50-F59: Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (F50-F59).

Psychophysiologic insomnia is a sleeping disorder that makes it difficult for the person with it to fall asleep. It is caused by heightened arousal in both the body and the mind.

The most defining trait of a person with this sleeping disorder is that they become obsessed with getting enough sleep because if they don't, it'll affect them the next day. The problem is that they keep thinking about getting sleep and problems that may arise if they don't sleep. By thinking too much about sleep, they aren't able to sleep at all or at least have trouble initiating or maintaining a sleep state.

Is the F51.04 billable?

Yes, the F51.04 ICD-10 code is billable and can be used to designate a patient for reimbursement purposes.

F51.04 clinical information

There are two types of insomnia: Primary insomnia and secondary insomnia.

Primary insomnia is often idiopathic (meaning it just happens and the cause is unknown) or is related to stress over something.

Secondary insomnia is caused by identifiable physical and mental health disorders, like depression or chronic pain.

Psychophysiologic insomnia falls under Primary insomnia because it results from stressing over getting enough sleep or lacking sleep.

To diagnose primary insomnia, healthcare providers and professionals will refer to their most updated copies of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Sleep Disorders. They will base their examinations on the criteria set by both. They can also conduct actigraphy and polysomnography tests to check.

Once an official diagnosis has been made, the provider/professional can treat the problem through cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and lifestyle changes (which can be as simple as taking a hot bath before bedtime).

F51.04 synonyms include

Chronic insomnia
Psychophysiological insomnia

Other ICD-10 codes commonly used for insomnia and sleep problems

F51 - Sleep disorders not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.0 - Insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.01 - Primary insomnia
F51.02 - Adjustment insomnia
F51.03 - Paradoxical insomnia
F51.4 - Sleep terrors [night terrors]
F51.5 - Nightmare disorder
F51.05 - Insomnia due to other mental disorder
F51.8 - Other sleep disorders not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.09 - Other insomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition
F51.19 - Other hypersomnia not due to a substance or known physiological condition

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