CPT Code 90901: Biofeedback Training, Any Modality

What is biofeedback?

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 90901 is used for biofeedback training, a therapeutic technique where patients learn to control physiological functions using real-time data provided by specialized equipment. This code applies to any biofeedback modality, including but not limited to EMG or electromyography, thermal, and respiratory methods. It is commonly used in the treatment of muscle tension, chronic pain, tension headaches, urinary incontinence, stress-related conditions, and related behavioral health symptoms.

Biofeedback training consists of treatment and is coded as training one (1) unit under CPT 90901. Biofeedback therapy enables healthcare providers to help patients regulate involuntary bodily processes by providing visual or auditory feedback signals.

When to use CPT code 90901

CPT 90901 should be used when a provider performs standalone biofeedback training that is not combined with psychotherapy. If psychotherapy is provided in conjunction, use 90875 or 90876 instead. Billing and coding outpatient therapy biofeedback services should align with medical necessity guidelines and payer-specific protocols.

Documentation requirements

To properly bill CPT code 90901, ensure the medical record includes:

• The condition treated and clinical justification (medical necessity)
• The biofeedback modality used (e.g., EMG for muscle tension)
• Detailed description of biofeedback training one (1) session
• Patient’s response and participation
• Duration (e.g., treatment 60 minutes)
• Supporting documentation for outpatient therapy biofeedback training

Billing guidelines

• 90901 CPT code is billed per session, regardless of the number of modalities used.
• Sessions must demonstrate medical necessity as per payer requirements.
• Always verify if preauthorization is needed with the insurance company.
• Billing and coding outpatient services must comply with national and local coverage determinations.

Healthcare providers billing for biofeedback therapy should include UB 04 data and can refer to the UB 04 Forms standards. However, this may not apply to all outpatient settings, and it's still important to verify payer requirements.

Other relevant codes

• 90875 – Psychotherapy, 30 minutes with biofeedback
• 90876 – Psychotherapy, 45+ minutes with biofeedback therapy
• Health and behavior codes – May apply in certain behavioral health contexts

Compliance and licensing notice

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