CPT Code 55866: Laparoscopy, Surgical Prostatectomy, Retropubic Radical

What is CPT code 55866?

The American Medical Association's Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 55866 is used for laparoscopic surgical prostatectomy with retropubic radical approach. This is a minimally invasive procedure for the surgical removal of the prostate gland. This procedure has become increasingly important in treating prostate cancer while offering patients reduced recovery time and improved outcomes compared to traditional open surgery.

This prostatectomy code includes the complete laparoscopic radical prostatectomy procedure performed through a retropubic approach, whether or not nerve-sparing techniques are utilized.  Unlike traditional open surgery, this approach uses small incisions and specialized instruments to access and remove the prostate while preserving surrounding tissue when possible.

Modern laparoscopic procedures often incorporate robotic assistance to enhance surgical precision and outcomes. While CPT Code 55866 traditionally described standard laparoscopic techniques, the integration of robotic assistance when performed has become increasingly common. The robotic radical prostatectomy approach offers improved dexterity, enhanced visualization, and greater precision during nerve-sparing procedures.

CPT code 55866 documentation requirements

Comprehensive documentation ensures proper coding and supports reimbursement from Medicare and private payers. Medical records must clearly demonstrate the procedure performed and justify the medical necessity for radical prostatectomy.

Critical documentation components include:

• Preoperative cancer staging and risk assessment
• Detailed operative report describing laparoscopic technique
• Confirmation of retropubic radical approach
• Documentation of nerve sparing attempts when performed
• Seminal vesicles removal status
• Intraoperative complications or technical challenges
• Postoperative period care and recovery notes

CPT code 55866 billing guidelines

Reimbursement rates vary based on geographic location, payer type, and individual carrier policies. Medicare provides standardized reimbursement rates, while private payers may have different coverage criteria and payment schedules.

The procedure includes standard postoperative period care, and additional charges for routine follow-up visits within the global period are typically not separately billable. However, complications requiring other services or increased procedural services may warrant additional coding.

Appropriate modifier application also ensures accurate billing and reimbursement. Common modifiers for CPT Code 55866 include:

• Modifier 22: Increased procedural services when unusual circumstances require significantly greater effort
• Modifier 50: Bilateral procedure (rarely applicable for prostatectomy)
• Modifier 53: Discontinued procedure due to extenuating circumstances

Other relevant CPT codes

Several related codes may be necessary for comprehensive prostate cancer treatment and associated services:

• CPT 55840: Prostatectomy, retropubic radical, with or without nerve sparing (open approach)
• CPT 55842: Prostatectomy, retropubic radical, with or without nerve sparing, with lymph node biopsy(s)
• CPT 55845: Prostatectomy, retropubic radical, with or without nerve sparing, with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy