CPT Code 97124: Therapeutic Massage
Learn how to bill for massage therapy using the 97124 CPT code effectively. Improve your practice's revenue and billing accuracy.
What is CPT code 97124?
The American Medical Association defines CPT code 97124 as "therapeutic procedure, one or more areas, each 15 minutes; massage, including effleurage, petrissage, and/or tapotement, stroking, compression, percussion." This code specifically covers the application of massage therapy techniques as part of an active treatment plan to address identified medical conditions.
Therapeutic massage is a manual therapy technique involving the systematic manipulation of soft tissues for therapeutic purposes. Unlike spa or relaxation massage, as described by CPT code 97124, therapeutic massage therapy focuses on treating specific medical conditions and achieving defined clinical outcomes. The primary goals include:
- Alleviate pain
- Reduce muscle tension and muscle contracture
- Promote muscle relaxation
- Increase blood circulation to affected areas
- Improve range of motion
- Break down soft tissue adhesions
- Stimulate skin and muscle reflexes
- Address impaired circulation
Healthcare providers qualified for performing therapeutic massage and billing under CPT 97124 typically include:
- Physical therapists
- Occupational therapists
- Massage therapists (in some jurisdictions, with appropriate supervision)
- Other qualified healthcare providers with appropriate clinical skills and training
Several massage therapy techniques may be reported under CPT code 97124, including:
- Swedish massage techniques: Effleurage (long, gliding strokes), petrissage (kneading), friction, tapotement (rhythmic tapping), and vibration
- Deep friction massage: Applied across muscle fibers to break up adhesions
- Compression: Steady pressure applied to muscle tissue
- Percussion: Rapid, alternating strikes to stimulate muscle relaxation
CPT code 97124 documentation requirements
When documenting therapeutic massage services, practitioners should include:
Medical necessity justification
This should include specific diagnosis codes supporting the need for massage therapy, how the treatment relates to the patient's medical condition, and why massage is the appropriate intervention.
Treatment specifics
This involves precise areas of the body treated, specific massage therapy techniques utilized, and duration of the massage session (typically reported in 15-minute units), and the patient's response to treatment.
Objective measures
Documentation should include pre- and post-treatment range of motion measurements, pain levels before and after intervention, changes in muscle function or muscle tension, and improvements in active pain-free range.
CPT code 97124 billing guidelines
Understanding the specific billing guidelines for massage therapy services performed is crucial for proper reimbursement and compliance.
Time-based billing
Massage therapy CPT code 97124 is a time-based code, billed in 15-minute units. The typical guidelines for billing time-based therapy codes are:
- 8-22 minutes = 1 unit
- 23-37 minutes = 2 units
- 38-52 minutes = 3 units
- 53-67 minutes = 4 units
When therapeutic massage is provided along with other services on the same date, modifier 59 (distinct procedural services) may be required to indicate that the services are separate and distinct. A common combination includes 97124 with therapeutic exercise (97110).
Other relevant codes
When working with therapeutic massage, practitioners should be familiar with these related CPT codes:
- 97110: Therapeutic exercise to develop strength, endurance, range of motion, and flexibility
- 97140: Manual therapy techniques (e.g., mobilization/manipulation, manual lymphatic drainage, manual traction), one or more regions, each 15 minutes
- 97112: Neuromuscular reeducation of movement, balance, coordination, kinesthetic sense, posture, and/or proprioception
- 97010: Application of hot or cold packs
- 97014: Application of electrical stimulation (unattended)
- 97035: Ultrasound therapy
Commonly asked questions
The reimbursement amount for CPT code 97124, which covers therapeutic massage therapy, varies by payer and region. It may also differ in other states or under different insurance plans. Always check with the specific payer or state fee schedule for the most accurate and current rate.
CPT codes 97124 (therapeutic massage) and 97140 (manual therapy) generally cannot be billed for the same patient on the same service date under Medicare and most payers, as they are considered mutually exclusive procedures. Some private payers may allow both codes if the services are provided to distinctly separate anatomical regions. In such cases, modifier 59 or XS may be required to indicate separate and distinct procedures, but reimbursement is not guaranteed, and claims may still be denied.
For CPT code 97124, you can typically bill one unit for every 15 minutes of direct massage therapy provided, following the CMS 8-minute rule46. Medicare and many payers allow up to 4 units (60 minutes) per service date without additional documentation; billing more than four units daily requires clear justification and supporting documentation to be considered for full reimbursement.
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